Theory and Evidence

A Reflection on Research, Theory, Evidence-based Practice, and Quality Improvement

Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Is Published: A Theory of Change Is Needed for Translating Evidence to Health Policy

How can evidence from economic evaluations of the type the Disease Control Priorities project have synthesized be translated to better priority setting? This evidence provides insights into how investing in health, particularly though priority interventions and expanded access to health insurance and prepaid care, can not only save lives but also help alleviate poverty and provide financial ris...

Disease Control Priorities Third Edition: Time to Put a Theory of Change Into Practice; Comment on “Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Is Published: A Theory of Change Is Needed for Translating Evidence to Health Policy”

The Disease Control Priorities program (DCP) has pioneered the use of economic evidence in health. The theory of change (ToC) put forward by Norheim is a further welcome and necessary step towards translating DCP evidence into better priority setting in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We also agree that institutionalising evidence for informed priority-setting processes is crucial. Un...

Quantitative evaluation of software security: an approach based on UML/SecAM and evidence theory

Quantitative and model-based prediction of security in the architecture design stage facilitates early detection of design faults hence reducing modification costs in subsequent stages of software life cycle. However, an important question arises with respect to the accuracy of input parameters. In practice, security parameters can rarely be estimated accurately due to the lack of sufficient kn...

Adopting Constructivist versus Objectivist Grounded Theory in Health Care Research: A Review of the Evidence

Background and aim: Grounded theory has taken some different theoretical perspectives since its creation in 1967 by Barney Glaser. Considering that applying grounded theory partly depends on an awareness of its philosophical perspectives, gaining knowledge about these various perspectives is required for health care professionals who are interested in studying the social processes. This review ...

Ambiguity Theory and Asset Pricing: Empirical Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange

Modern portfolio theory is based on the relationship between risk and return and in this paper, specific uncertainty conditions are introduced as ambiguity which affects the asset pricing. Also, the relationship between risk, ambiguity and return is examined. First, ambiguity is estimated by the means of three-variable and main component method, trading volume, ask-bid spread, error of earnings...